Yezmi Malek
Iran Section In New York Museum – Beginning in 1932, a team from the Department of Near Eastern Art at the Metropolitan Museum of Art spent three seasons investigating the site of Qasr-i Abu Nasr in southern Iran. Located six kilometers east of Shiraz, the site remains from several periods of occupation – Parthian (247 BC–224 AD), Sasanian (224–651) and Islamic (IX–14th century). The main period of settlement dates back to the Sasanian period and Qasr-i Abu Nasr was one of the many small towns spread across the Fars plain during that period. Artifacts excavated at the site contain names of names that indicate the city of Old Shiraz or are often associated with Old Shiraz. The city also maintains a connection with the capital Jur. Opposite the mountains, the site may have been placed to make good use of the water resources and placed on a suitable road for the road to the plain of Shiraz. Despite the good situation, however, the area did not grow beyond a small town and towers.
French control over research in Iran ended in 1930, offering the Metropolitan Museum the opportunity to apply to Iran’s Ministry of Antiquities for permission to excavate the site. Currently, common practice is to share results between the sponsoring organization and the host country, a process called partage. The possibility of finding things from Iran was until then limited to French institutions, particularly appealing to the Met. Building on the earlier joint research at Ctesiphon, which had produced Sasanian artefacts for the museum in 1931-32, the new Department of Oriental Art sought a place where the Met could function as a support to the community.
Iran Section In New York Museum
Qasr-i Abu Nasr was chosen because of its manageable size and because the gate found standing on the site suggested the possibility of Achaemenid (550-330 BC) remains. Matt sent three field workers: Joseph M. Upton, Charles K. Wilkinson and Walter Hauser. The project will be called The Metropolitan Museum of Art’s Persian Journey, and will later include excavations at Nishapur in northeastern Iran. In addition to the original report on
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, the work at Qasr-i Abu Nasr was not published as archaeologists turned their attention to the best-preserved objects from Nishapur. Two major publications on Qasr-i Abu Nasr were eventually published in 1973 and 1985 (see Further reading), combining original reports, findings and photographs from the excavations.
Over the course of three months, the team excavated four main parts of the site: the west side, the tower, the lower town and the nearby tombs. The first period of the Persian expedition (December 1932 – April 1933) focused on the west. In the second season (October 1933 – May 1934), the team moved to a high point in the east called the Tower; They also made excavations in the lower part of the city when the rains forced them to leave the tower. During the third and final period (December 1934 – April 1935), they worked to complete the plan of the tower and also excavated tombs in the nearby mountains. In 1935, the team planned to complete the initial tests at Nishapur.
It remains in the west to include three distinct periods: Late Sasanian (6th-7th century), Buyid (9th-10th century) and Muzafarid (13th-14th century). The gate with the first Achaemenid stones that first attracted excavations turned out to be a later addition, brought from Persepolis to Qasr-i Abu Nasr in the ninth or tenth century (33.175.1 ). The excavation revealed the remains of several large buildings, including a square structure and a large house. Unfortunately, the excavation process at the time made it difficult to uncover many new structures to create a clear settlement plan in this area. Window panes (33.175.37) and other window panes were found in and around the camp. It is a pillared building and is called a Nestorian church.
The tower is usually of the Sasanian period, although sounds in some areas indicate that it was inhabited earlier, in the late Parthian period. Situated on an elevated natural landscape, the area is served by canals and gateways to the south-west. Triangular in shape, the fort is intersected by the main road running from southeast to northwest. The houses are not on a regular plan, although they are towards the main road. As expected in a fortress, most of the finds are related to defense and administration. Many iron arrows were found throughout the area (34,107,146). Several metal keys were found. Perhaps the most important find from the Tower is a set of seals or impression seals (36.30.250; 36.30.249). These small clay objects played a role in the implementation of Sasanian rule. A piece of clay is pressed around a string or rope to close the document and seal it (36.30.31; 36.30.32). If the sealing clay is broken and removed, it cannot be replaced unless the owner of the seal is present. In some cases, these removed parameters appear to have been intentionally retained for administrative purposes. The castle tower was saved because the building was burned, the clay was fired and the seal mark was preserved.
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A large number of objects were found in the tower, including ceramics (34.107.4), toys (36.30.7; 36.30.5) and other small objects (34.107.67; 34.107.75; 34.107. 78) reflecting daily life and . Labor in the Sasanian period. Over time, the buildings in the area were rebuilt and bounded by other nearby buildings, so that the tower remained on the same plan during the Sasanian period. A large platform, sometimes called an altar by archaeologists, was found on the south side of the tower. Scholars suggest that the pulpit is associated with Zoroastrian religious practices at the site during the Sasanian period.
In addition, the team excavated other areas around the site, including the lower part of the city, between the west side and the tower. Large enclosures and many buildings were opened, but very few records are available concerning these experiments. As elsewhere at the site, finds ranged from simple pottery (34.107.40) to small gold objects and weapons such as arrows. During the last excavation season, the team excavated graves in the nearby mountains. The shell is round or made in the shape of a stone. Most of the tombs are empty and may have been looted in ancient times. Based on several different studies, the research showed that the tombs were dated to the Parthian period.
Although the excavations at Qasr-i Abu Nasr did not yield the quantity and quality of artifacts previously expected, they provided valuable information about Sasanian society and culture. About six hundred finds were brought to the museum, and in 1934 a small exhibition of the finds was made. It is an important comparison for future work.
Hauser, Walter. “The Persian Voyage.” Bulletin of the Metropolitan Museum of Art 28, no. 11 (1933), p. 39–44. The great art and architecture of the Achaemenid period is best exemplified by the ruins of Persepolis, the ceremonial capital originally built by Darius I (r. 521–486 BC) and enlarged by his successor. Persepolis is thirty miles northwest of Shiraz in the Fars province of southwestern Iran. There, structures such as the Hall of a Hundred Columns and the Throne of Darius and Xerxes display the distinctive features of Achaemenid palace architecture – large square rooms, with ceilings supported by many columns. Some of the pillars of the throne room have been restored and are over sixty-five meters high.
The Metropolitan Museum Of Art (new York City)
The most important feature of Achaemenid sculpture are the low carved windows that adorn the steps leading up to the monument. This image shows the head of an archer, with a quiver and a bow on his shoulder. The head of the duck. This piece recalls the same scene seen in the famous frieze of the Archers from the Palace of Susa, now in the Louvre. Images of soldiers are arranged in groups to show the defense of the gate. Shooting was the main method of attack used in the Achaemenid Wars and was also an important part of the culture as all young men were taught how to shoot accurately.
As part of the Met’s open access policy, you are free to copy, modify and distribute this image, even for commercial purposes.
Before 1931, E. Sassoon, Paris; 1931 Joseph Brummer purchased a half interest from E. Sassoon, Paris; 1933, Joseph Brummer bought half of Sassoon (Brummer inv. no. P9065); 1949, purchased by Hagop Kevorkian from the auction of the estate of the late Joseph Brummer, Parke-Bernet Galleries, New York, May 11-14, 1949, no. 139; 1955, purchased by the museum, purchased by the Kevorkian Foundation.
“Six Thousand Years of Persian Revelation.” Iran Institute of American Art and Archaeology, New York, April 24, 1940 – July 1, 1940.
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“Treasures of a Glorious Empire – Artifacts from Persia,” Jewish Museum, New York, March
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