Yezmi Malek
Where Are Persian Carpets Made In Iran – The origin of Persian or Iranian carpets dates back to about 2500 years ago. Iranians were among the first carpet weavers in ancient civilizations, and over the centuries creativity and talent have reached great perfection in this field. The skills of carpet weaving have been passed down from generation to generation as a protected family secret. Researching the history of Iranian carpets will help chart the path to the cultural growth of one of the greatest civilizations the world has ever seen.
Even today, the Persian connection to carpets is as strong as the growing population caught up in the upheavals of an expanding industrial society. An Iranian home is empty and gloomy without Iranian carpets, which reflect the deep connection between the people and their national art.
Where Are Persian Carpets Made In Iran
Among the first carpet weavers in the ancient world were the Iranians. The oldest known Persian carpet is called “Pazyrik”. It was discovered in a frozen tomb of a Scythian ruler of Siberia and is believed to date from around 500 BC. Now located in St. Petersburg
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In the first millennium BC, the Pazyrik Valley, located beneath the grasslands of the vast Ukok Plateau where the borders of China, Kazakhstan and Mongolia meet, was inhabited by the Scythians. Part nomadic, part settled, the Scythians are generally thought of as Iranians. They spoke a language from the Scythian branch of the Iranian language and practiced a form of ancient Iranian religion. These tribes raise large animals, especially horses. They dug their graves in the snow and covered the dead with trees and stones. Consequently, all the objects excavated from their frozen tombs were excavated in a remarkable state of preservation. The discoverer of the carpet Pajirik prof.
, suggests that it is an artifact from the Achaemenid Empire in Persia. And most carpet researchers also think it probably came from Persia or Armenia. However, their true origin is still a mystery, as both Persia and Armenia have a long tradition of carpet weaving, although the horses depicted on the carpets are similar to horsemen on a frieze from the ancient Persian city of Persepolis.
The first documented evidence of the existence of Persian carpets comes from Chinese texts dating from the Sassanid period (AD 224-641). However, there is written evidence of the existence, value and quality of Persian carpets in Greek chronicles.
The art of carpet weaving has undergone many changes during different periods of Iranian history. It reached its peak during the early Islamic period, but declined during the Mongol invasion. After the invasion, the art flourished again during the reign of Timur and the Mongol patriarchal dynasty. During the Safavid era, architecture and painting were the main areas of art supported by the government, while textiles and carpet weaving also became important. In the 11th century, the previously mostly nomadic crafts were transformed into royal crafts through the establishment of court workshops. The most famous carpets of this era, which represent the pinnacle of design, are the so-called Ardabil carpets – dating from 1939 AD.
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The Ardabil carpets are two almost identical fine Iranian carpets woven during the reign of Shah Tahsmap Safavid – for the tomb of the Safavid predecessor, Sheikh Safi of Ardabil. One is now in the Great Victoria and Albert Museum in London and the other in the Los Angeles Museum of Art.
This carpet is ranked among the most exquisite and famous carpets in the world in terms of design and texture, and is also included in the list of 50 selected works of art in the world. Both were probably woven on the orders of Shah Tamsap I and after the work was completed on the 13th.
During his reign, they were scattered on the floor of the “Gandil Khana” hall of the shrine of Sheikh Safi al-Din Ardabili. In 1840, an earthquake occurred in Ardebil, which damaged the tomb of Sheikh Safi and destroyed the carpets. Seeking to finance the reconstruction, the trustees of the estate found a British company called Ziegler & Partners, which was in the carpet business and based in Manchester. Ziegler bought the rug for 80 tomans and quickly shipped it to England, leaving it in the hands of patient restorers who restored both rugs in a smooth and safe process. But there was a problem during the restoration process: two carpets left the workshop that were no longer paired! One fringe was used to restore the other and the result was one full carpet and the other no fringe.
Iranian rugs are usually made from a combination of wool and cotton. In the Hamdan region and Kurdistan, camel hair is also used. Silk is often used to make very fine knots, as in Qum and Tabriz carpets. Original Iranian carpets are traditionally handmade and consist of warp threads and thousands of knots in the carpet’s weft.
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Iranians were among the oldest carpet weavers in the ancient world, and their weaving techniques date back at least 2,500 years. The basic construction of the handmade rug has three parts. The cotton thread is stretched on a vertical loom to form the “base” of the rug. The woolen thread is then tied into the base to form the pile of the rug. Finally, the mattress is secured with cotton threads, braided horizontally across the base to form the “weft” of the mattress.
The type of knots woven into a rug is the main variation you will see in a handmade rug. There are two main types of knots: a turkey knot (also called…
The rich knot technique has been practiced in Iran for at least 2,500 years. Azeri and Bakhtirian tribes, Kurds and nomads weave carpets in rich knots, and no one knows why this knot is known as the Turkish knot. The rich knot is the strongest knot tied in the rug. In the rich knot, the thread passes through both threads and exits them after wrapping them. When you pull one end of the thread, the knot tightens. Turkish knots are most common in carpets made in Northwestern Iran, Kurdistan, Azerbaijan and, of course, Turkey. This strong, rich knot forms a very stable pile and is commonly used in thick carpets.
Asymmetric knots, known as Persian knots, are commonly used in carpets from central and eastern Iran, Pakistan, and India. In the Persian knot, one half is tightly tied while the other half is loose. The resulting asymmetric knots, which can be more tightly packed than Turkish knots, make Persian knots ideal for very complex, high-density patterned rugs.
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There are many types of Iranian handmade carpets Production method, size, material, quality, beauty, delicacy and variety of design, color, appearance and structural differences find unique products in Iranian handmade carpets, each with a specific name.
Urban carpet: means a carpet woven in urban workshops. Iranian urban carpets or urban carpets, which are usually woven in urban workshops, are usually thin with a relatively high density. Urban carpet weaving became widespread during the Safavid period with the establishment of large carpet weaving workshops in Isfahan and Tabriz.
Village Carpet: This is a carpet that is woven in a simple and basic way in a village. Iranian village rugs are often woven without a pre-designed pattern. The sizes of these rugs are usually small and have a sock, back, side and arch shape. Country rugs once had characteristics of design and composition, but now, under the influence of mercantile production, they have become the same and are at risk of extinction.
Nomadic rugs: Nomadic and tribal rugs, like village rugs, are simple and primitive with patterns inspired by the environment and tribal life. Nominal rugs come in smaller sizes and are relatively coarse. A tribal rug has a complex structure that is fastened with small woolen tassels at regular intervals. Gabe, Jal, Sofreh, Namadaan and Poshti are some of the valued carpets
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. In 2010, traditional carpet weaving skills in Fars and Kashan were inscribed on UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity list.
Nain or Nain is a city located 150 km from the center of Iran. Compared to the ancient weaving centers of Iran such as Kashan, Isfahan and Yazd, Nain carpets are relatively new to the world. In the mid-1930s, some families of carpet weavers in Nain began producing carpets with designs from Isfahan and after a while began to develop their own unique style. Thanks to the high quality of craftsmanship, very fine and precise designs have been created in this area. Traditional Nain carpets are among the most beautiful Persian carpets and are characterized by their unique oriental designs. The plain blue and white, with a darker medal in the main center, has a striking and valuable effect.
The city of Tabriz is located in Azerbaijan
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